The Beat movement of the post-cold war era was a cultural movement, in the US, centered around “low-brow” forms of art, music and literature. Prominent writers of this group, such as poet Allen Ginsberg are often credited with having a lasting impact on the queer and anti-consumerist movement by challenging the American Dream, rejecting traditional notions of marrigage and family, and rebelling against homophobic narratives by normalizing sexual fluidity. The group is seen as being the predecessor to the hippie counterculture in the US.
However, while the Beatniks rejected expectations of men, their pieces continued to show conformity to 1950’s expectations of women to be ‘good housewives’ and ‘domesticated/should stay within the private sphere’. Ginsberg’s "Howl" had lines like ‘sweetened the snatches of a million girls trembling in the sunset’, deprecating women, and interchangeably used terms ‘million girls’ to ‘innumerable lays of girls’, signifying the irrelevancy of women. A central theme of Ginsberg’s work is the thought that for the emancipation of men from societal norms (i.e. not be the breadwinner, etc.), women would have to provide for their survival ‘needs’.
The lack of a feminine lens in the movement is also evident through the lack of women in the group. While some women like Diane di Prima, Anne Waldman and Joyce Johnson were part of it and wrote extensively, their work was overshadowed and ignored by those of men like Ginsberg- a man who when confronted with this problem simply said ‘Is it our fault that there weren’t any women of genius in the group?’